18 flashcards · Shared on 19 August 2026 by AtomAI Library
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Which approach explains behaviour mainly through genes, brain structures, neurochemistry and evolution?
Biological approach
Which approach explains behaviour mainly through genes, brain structures, neurochemistry and evolution?
Biological approach
In the behaviourist approach, classical conditioning refers to learning through:
Association between stimuli
What is the central assumption of the cognitive approach?
Internal mental processes can be studied scientifically
How does social learning theory extend the behaviourist account of learning?
It includes learning through observation and imitation
Within psychodynamic theory, which part of personality operates according to the pleasure principle?
Id
According to the humanistic approach, psychological growth is most closely associated with:
Self-actualisation
Which comparison between classical and operant conditioning is accurate?
Classical conditioning involves stimulus associations, whereas operant conditioning involves consequences
What is vicarious reinforcement in social learning theory?
A person becoming more likely to imitate after seeing someone else rewarded
Which approach is most strongly associated with the use of computer models to explain information processing?
Cognitive approach
Why is the biological approach often described as reductionist?
It explains complex behaviour in terms of lower-level biological processes
Which statement best distinguishes the humanistic approach from strongly deterministic approaches?
It places greater emphasis on personal choice and free will
In cognitive psychology, a schema is:
A mental framework used to organise and interpret information
A researcher explains aggression as an imitation of a model who was rewarded. Which approach does this explanation represent?
Social learning theory
Which pair of approaches both recognise the influence of experience but differ over whether learning must involve direct reinforcement?
Behaviourism and social learning theory
What is one major difference between behaviourism and the cognitive approach?
Behaviourism focuses on observable behaviour, while the cognitive approach investigates internal mental processes
In the psychodynamic approach, defence mechanisms are unconscious processes that:
Protect the ego from anxiety
Which research method is especially characteristic of the early behaviourist approach?
Controlled laboratory experiments on observable responses
How does the cognitive neuroscience perspective combine two psychological approaches?
It links mental processes with brain structures and activity