18 flashcards · Shared on 19 August 2026 by AtomAI Library
Flip each card to check yourself.
Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in chloroplasts?
Thylakoid membranes
Where do the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur in chloroplasts?
Thylakoid membranes
In which part of the chloroplast does the Calvin cycle take place?
Stroma
What is the main function of the light-dependent reactions?
To convert light energy into ATP and NADPH
Which products of the light-dependent reactions are used by the Calvin cycle?
ATP and NADPH
What is the source of the oxygen released during photosynthesis?
Water
What does photolysis mean in the light-dependent reactions?
The light-driven splitting of water
Which sequence correctly describes the order of the photosystems in noncyclic electron flow?
Photosystem II followed by photosystem I
How does the photosynthetic electron transport chain help produce ATP?
It pumps protons into the thylakoid lumen, creating a gradient
What is photophosphorylation?
The light-driven production of ATP from ADP and phosphate
During chemiosmosis in chloroplasts, protons flow through ATP synthase in which direction?
From the thylakoid lumen into the stroma
What is the role of NADP+ in the light-dependent reactions?
It acts as the final electron acceptor and is reduced to NADPH
What happens during carbon fixation in the Calvin cycle?
Carbon dioxide combines with RuBP
Which enzyme catalyzes the fixation of carbon dioxide to RuBP?
RuBisCO
What is the first stable product formed after carbon dioxide is fixed in the Calvin cycle of C3 plants?
A three-carbon compound called 3-phosphoglycerate
Why is the Calvin cycle often called the light-independent or dark reaction?
It does not use light directly, although it depends on ATP and NADPH from the light reactions
What are the three main phases of the Calvin cycle?
Carbon fixation, reduction, and RuBP regeneration
What is the direct carbohydrate product that can leave the Calvin cycle?
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, or G3P
How does cyclic electron flow around photosystem I differ from noncyclic electron flow?
It produces ATP but not NADPH or oxygen