Organisational structures and motivation theories

What is the hierarchy of an organisation?

The arrangement of roles according to levels of authority

The span of control refers to which feature of an organisational structure?

The number of subordinates directly managed by a supervisor

Which combination is most characteristic of a tall organisational structure?

Many management layers and narrow spans of control

Compared with a tall structure, a flat organisational structure usually has:

Fewer layers and wider spans of control

What is the chain of command?

The formal route through which authority and instructions pass

In a functional organisational structure, employees are mainly grouped according to:

Their specialist activities, such as finance or marketing

What distinguishes a matrix structure from a purely functional structure?

Employees may report to both a functional manager and a project manager

Delegation occurs when a manager:

Gives a subordinate authority to carry out a task

Which statement correctly describes accountability after a manager delegates a task?

The manager normally retains ultimate accountability for the delegated work

A centralised business is one in which decision-making authority is mainly:

Concentrated among senior managers at the centre

Which is a likely advantage of decentralisation?

Decisions can be made closer to local customers and conditions

In Maslow's hierarchy of needs, which order moves from lower-level to higher-level needs?

Physiological, safety, social, esteem, self-actualisation

Which approach is most closely associated with Frederick Taylor's scientific management?

Studying tasks to find efficient methods and linking pay to output

Elton Mayo's work emphasised that employee motivation is influenced by:

Social relationships, group membership and attention from managers

According to Herzberg, hygiene factors are aspects of work that:

Prevent dissatisfaction when adequate but do not necessarily motivate

Which pairing is consistent with Herzberg's two-factor theory?

Working conditions as a hygiene factor and achievement as a motivator

Which assumption is associated with McGregor's Theory Y?

Employees can be self-directed and may seek responsibility

Job enrichment is intended to motivate employees by:

Increasing responsibility, challenge and opportunities for achievement