18 flashcards · Shared on 19 August 2026 by AtomAI Library
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Which functional group characterizes an alkene?
A carbon–carbon double bond
Which functional group characterizes an alkene?
A carbon–carbon double bond
What distinguishes an aldehyde from a ketone?
An aldehyde has its carbonyl carbon bonded to at least one hydrogen
Which group is the characteristic functional group of a carboxylic acid?
–COOH
Which general structure represents an ester?
R–COO–R′
What functional group is present in a nitrile?
–C≡N
Which compound class contains an oxygen atom singly bonded to two carbon-containing groups?
Ether
What are structural, or constitutional, isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different atom connectivity
Butane and 2-methylpropane are examples of which type of isomerism?
Chain isomerism
Propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol differ in the location of their hydroxyl group. What type of isomerism do they show?
Position isomerism
Ethanol and methoxymethane both have the formula C₂H₆O but belong to different compound classes. What type of isomerism is this?
Functional-group isomerism
What are stereoisomers?
Molecules with the same connectivity but different three-dimensional arrangements
Why can some alkenes show geometric isomerism?
The carbon–carbon double bond restricts rotation
For an alkene to show E/Z isomerism, what must be true of each carbon in the double bond?
It must be bonded to two different substituents
In the E/Z naming system, what does the Z configuration mean?
The higher-priority groups are on the same side of the double bond
What are enantiomers?
Stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images
A common cause of chirality in an organic molecule is a tetrahedral carbon bonded to what?
Four different groups
What are diastereomers?
Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
What is a racemic mixture?
A mixture containing equal amounts of two enantiomers