18 flashcards · Shared on 19 August 2026 by AtomAI Library
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Which functional group characterizes an alkene?
A carbon–carbon double bond
Which functional group characterizes an alkene?
A carbon–carbon double bond
What distinguishes an aldehyde from a ketone?
An aldehyde has its carbonyl carbon bonded to at least one hydrogen
Why can some alkenes show geometric isomerism?
The carbon–carbon double bond restricts rotation
What is a racemic mixture?
A mixture containing equal amounts of two enantiomers
What functional group is present in a nitrile?
–C≡N
Which compound class contains an oxygen atom singly bonded to two carbon-containing groups?
Ether
Butane and 2-methylpropane are examples of which type of isomerism?
Chain isomerism
Ethanol and methoxymethane both have the formula C₂H₆O but belong to different compound classes. What type of isomerism is this?
Functional-group isomerism
What are enantiomers?
Stereoisomers that are non-superimposable mirror images
Which group is the characteristic functional group of a carboxylic acid?
–COOH
What are structural, or constitutional, isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different atom connectivity
Propan-1-ol and propan-2-ol differ in the location of their hydroxyl group. What type of isomerism do they show?
Position isomerism
For an alkene to show E/Z isomerism, what must be true of each carbon in the double bond?
It must be bonded to two different substituents
In the E/Z naming system, what does the Z configuration mean?
The higher-priority groups are on the same side of the double bond
A common cause of chirality in an organic molecule is a tetrahedral carbon bonded to what?
Four different groups
What are diastereomers?
Stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other
Which general structure represents an ester?
R–COO–R′
What are stereoisomers?
Molecules with the same connectivity but different three-dimensional arrangements