18 flashcards · Shared on 19 August 2026 by AtomAI Library
Flip each card to check yourself.
What directly powers proton pumping by electron transport chain complexes?
Energy released as electrons pass through the chain
What directly powers proton pumping by electron transport chain complexes?
Energy released as electrons pass through the chain
What is oxygen's role in aerobic cellular respiration?
It acts as the final electron acceptor and is reduced to water
How does ATP synthase produce ATP?
It uses proton flow to drive the phosphorylation of ADP
Why is ATP consumed early in glycolysis?
To energize and phosphorylate glucose intermediates
Why is the citric acid cycle described as a cycle?
Oxaloacetate is regenerated to accept another acetyl group
What is produced by two turns of the citric acid cycle per glucose molecule?
Six NADH, two FADH2, two ATP or GTP, and four carbon dioxide
Where is the electron transport chain located in eukaryotic cells?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
What does chemiosmosis refer to in cellular respiration?
The flow of protons down their electrochemical gradient through ATP synthase
At the start of the citric acid cycle, acetyl-CoA combines with which molecule?
Oxaloacetate
Where does glycolysis occur in a eukaryotic cell?
Cytosol
Why can fermentation allow glycolysis to continue when oxygen is unavailable?
It regenerates NAD+ by transferring electrons from NADH to an organic molecule
During electron transport, where do protons accumulate in a mitochondrion?
Intermembrane space
Which process is best described as oxidative phosphorylation?
ATP production driven by electron transport and chemiosmosis
What is substrate-level phosphorylation?
Direct transfer of a phosphate group from a molecule to ADP
Why does FADH2 generally lead to less ATP production than NADH?
Its electrons enter the transport chain downstream of complex I, so fewer protons are pumped
What happens to pyruvate before it enters the citric acid cycle under aerobic conditions?
It is oxidized to acetyl-CoA, producing NADH and carbon dioxide
What is the main role of NADH in cellular respiration?
To carry high-energy electrons to the electron transport chain
What are the net products of glycolysis from one glucose molecule?
Two pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH